Mac kernel panic on startup or restart loop: what to try
What to do when a Mac panics during startup or keeps restarting, from safe mode to disconnecting devices and reinstalling macOS.
Why does my Mac kernel panic on startup?
A driver, kernel extension or accessory fails early in startup, or system files are damaged. Hardware faults are possible but less common.
How do I start in safe mode on Apple silicon?
Shut down, hold the power button until startup options appear, select the startup disk, hold Shift and choose Continue in Safe Mode.
What if safe mode does not work?
Start in Recovery (hold the power button, choose Options) and reinstall macOS, which keeps your files. Then check the panic report: read a panic report.
Common questions
How do I fix a Mac stuck in a restart loop?
Disconnect accessories, try safe mode, then reinstall macOS from Recovery if needed.
Does reinstalling macOS delete my files?
No. Reinstalling from Recovery keeps your data; erasing is a separate step.